Duas Concepções de Teoria Ideal e Não Ideal

Julian Culp

Resumo


O artigo esclarece o quadro conceitual básico da teoria ideal/não ideal de justiça. Justapõe duas concepções alternativas de um entendimento complementar da relação entre teoria ideal e não ideal. A primeira é a concepção de duplo nível de John Rawls, que emprega dois critérios normativos distintos. O segundo tipo é uma concepção de “nível único”, que opera com um só padrão avaliativo que se funda na teoria ideal e se traduz em diferentes normas orientadoras da ação no nível tanto da teoria ideal como da não ideal. O artigo aponta que – como G.A. Cohen afirma –, enquanto teóricos “sensíveis aos fatos” não necessariamente são contrários a endossar uma concepção de duplo nível da relação complementar entre teoria ideal e não ideal, os teóricos “insensíveis aos fatos o serão. Logo, o endosso de uma concepção de nível único ou nível duplo dependerá da visão que se tem sobre a importância dos fatos nos princípios em que se funda a justiça.


Palavras-chave


Justiça – Teoria Ideal e Não Ideal – Teorias de Justiça Sensíveis aos Fatos e Insensíveis aos Fatos

Texto completo:

PDF (English)

Referências


Barry, Brian. “Can States be Moral? International Morality and the Compliance Problem”, Liberty and Justice: Essays in Political Theory Volume 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 159-81

Blake, Michael. “Distributive Justice, State Coercion, and Autonomy”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 30 (2001), 257-96

Brennan, Geoffrey and Philip Pettit. “The Feasibility Issue”, The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy, eds. Frank Jackson and Michael Smith (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 258-79

Brennan, Geoffrey. “The Contribution of Economics”, A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, eds. Goodin and Pettit (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1993), 123-156

Buchanan, Allen and David Golove. “The Philosophy of International Law”, Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, eds. Jules Coleman and Scott Shapiro (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 868-934

Buchanan, Allen. Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004

Buchanan, Allen. “Institutionalizing the Just War”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34 (2006), 1-38

Carens, Joseph. “Realistic and Idealistic Approaches to the Ethics of Migration”, International Migration Review, 30 (1996), 156-70

Cohen, G.A. “Facts and Principles”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 31 (2003), 211-45

Cohen, G.A. Rescuing Justice and Equality, Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 2008

Cooper, W.E. “The Perfectly Just Society”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 38 (1977), 46-55

Coram, Bruce. “Second Best Theories and the Implications for Institutional Design”, The Theory of Institutional Design, ed. Goodin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 90-102

Farrelly, Colin. “Justice in Ideal Theory: A Refutation”, Political Studies, 55 (2007), 844-64

Feinberg, Joel. “Duty and Obligation in the Non-Ideal World”, The Journal of Philosophy, 70 (1973), 263-275

Goodin, Robert. “Political Ideals and Political Practice”, British Journal of Political Science, 25 (1995), 37-56

Holtmann, Sarah. “Kant, ideal theory and the justice of exclusionary zoning”, Ethics 110, 32-58

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report,available at http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf, Topic 4

Koller, Peter. “Moral Conflict under Conditions of Moral Imperfection”, Norms, Values and Society, ed. Herlinde Pauer-Studer (Dordrecht: Kluwer, Vienna Circle Institute Yearbooks,

, 93-112

Korsgaard, Christine. “The Right to Lie: Kant on Dealing with Evil”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 15 (1986), 325-49

Lipsey, Richard and Kelvin Lancaster. “The General Theory of Second Best”, The Review of Economic Studies, 24 (1956-7), 11-32

Margalit, Avishai. “Ideals and Second Bests”, Philosophy for Education, ed. Seymour Fox (Jerusalem: Van Leer Foundation, 1983), 77-89

Mason, Andrew. “Just Constraints”, British Journal of Political Science, 34 (2004), 251-68

Mc Kibbin, Warwick and Peter Wilcoxen. “Climate Policy and Uncertainty: The Roles of Adaptation versus Mitigation”, Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics, 161 (2004), 1-15

Mills, Charles. “Ideal Theory as Ideology”, Hypatia, 20 (2005), 165-84

Murphy, Liam. Moral Demands in Nonideal Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)

O’Neill, Onora. “Abstraction, idealization and ideology in ethics”, Moral philosophy and contemporary problems, ed. J.D.G. Evans (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 55-69

O’Neill, Onora. Towards Justice and Virtue, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996

Philips, Michael. “Reflections on the Transition from Ideal to Non-Ideal Theory”, Noûs, 19 (1985), 551-70

Pogge, Thomas. “Cohen to the Rescue!”, Ratio 21 (2008), 454-75

Räikkä, Juha. “The Feasibility Condition in Political Theory”, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 6 (1998), 27-40

Räikkä, Juha. “The Problem of the Second Best”, Living in a Less Than Perfect World: Essays in Political Philosophy, Helsinki: Acta-Philosophica-Fennica 75, 2004, 29-46

Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971

Rawls, John. “Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory”, Collected Papers, ed. Samuel Freeman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999 [1980]), 302-58

Rawls, John. Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993

Rawls, John. The Law of Peoples, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999

Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness – A Restatement, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001

Robeyns, Ingrid. “Ideal Theory in Theory and Practice”, Social Theory and Practice, 34 (2008), 341-62

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract, trans. Maurice Cranston, London: Penguin Classics, 1968 [1762]

Schüssler, Rudolf. “Klimapolitik und die Ethik fehlender Kooperation”, Natur – Technik – Philosophie, ed. Brigitte Falkenburg, (Paderborn: Mentis, 2007), 189-210

Sen, Amartya. “What Do We Want From A Theory of Justice?”, Journal of Philosophy, 103 (2006), 215-238.

Stears, Marc. “The Vocation of Political Theory: Principles, Empirical Inquiry, and the Politics of Opportunity”, European Journal of Political Theory, 4 (2005), 325-50

Stemplowska, Zofia. “What’s Ideal about Ideal Theory?”, Social Theory and Practice, 34 (2008), 319-40

Swift, Adam. “The Value of Philosophy in Nonideal Circumstances”, Social Theory and Practice, 34 (2008), 363-87

Valentini, Laura. “The Apparent Paradox of Ideal Theory”, The Journal of Political Philosophy 17 (2009), 332-55


Apontamentos

  • Não há apontamentos.