Duas Concepções de Teoria Ideal e Não Ideal
Resumo
O artigo esclarece o quadro conceitual básico da teoria ideal/não ideal de justiça. Justapõe duas concepções alternativas de um entendimento complementar da relação entre teoria ideal e não ideal. A primeira é a concepção de duplo nível de John Rawls, que emprega dois critérios normativos distintos. O segundo tipo é uma concepção de “nível único”, que opera com um só padrão avaliativo que se funda na teoria ideal e se traduz em diferentes normas orientadoras da ação no nível tanto da teoria ideal como da não ideal. O artigo aponta que – como G.A. Cohen afirma –, enquanto teóricos “sensíveis aos fatos” não necessariamente são contrários a endossar uma concepção de duplo nível da relação complementar entre teoria ideal e não ideal, os teóricos “insensíveis aos fatos o serão. Logo, o endosso de uma concepção de nível único ou nível duplo dependerá da visão que se tem sobre a importância dos fatos nos princípios em que se funda a justiça.
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